To Be Accurate a Theory Must Continue to Explain

Ch08: Chapter Exam

This activity contains 20 questions.

	According to Thiroux, which of the following is NOT one of the conflicting general moral issues a viable moral theory must be able to resolve? consequentialism versus nonconsequentialism act versus rule self- versus other-interestedness preference versus passion

	If a moral theory is to be tenable, it must have which of the following characteristics? it should be able to be taught and promulgated it should square with established religious beliefs it should be devoid of emotion it should be rigid and inflexible

	Thiroux argues that the problems of which two moral theories shows us that a criterion of a moral theory's viability is that it be teachable? virtue ethics and rule consequentialism psychological egoism and Kant's duty theory all forms of ethical egoism and all forms of act forms of morality Confucian and Aristotelian virtue ethics

	Thiroux argues that the problems of which two moral theories shows us that a criterion of a moral theory's viability is that it be capable of resolving conflicts among people, duties, and obligations? universal ethical egoism and Kant's duty ethics utilitarianism and Confucianism rational ethical egoism and role ethics divine command theory and ethical egoism

	In Thiroux's opinion, a main reason that we should NOT base a theory of moral decision making on emotion is that emotions are __________. inherently amoral subjective and unbalanced uncontrollable too unreliable and individualistic

	Thiroux argues that the refusal to base moral theory on emotions does NOT imply that moral reasoning ought to be __________. cold, calculating, and passionless seen as divine in origin uncreative and formulaic based on computer-generated models of rationality

	The very word reason implies the ability to __________. be right all or most of the time give reasons for a decision or an action be morally innovative discover the objective, universal foundation of morality

	Which of the following does reasoning NOT imply, according to Thiroux? a common means by which difference in feelings, opinions, and thoughts can be settled the ability to give reasons in support of our decisions a culturally relative source of philosophical insight the capacity for logical argumentation

	Whenever we ask someone why he acted as he has, we have already begun the process of looking for __________ to explain or justify his actions. rhetoric reasons moral theories passions

	It is because we can offer reasons to explain our decisions and actions that __________. we can critically evaluate and analyze decisions and actions there is no sense to moral skepticism we can show that moral thought is infallible we can know that moral truth is universal and absolute

	Logical consistency is a crucial ingredient in a moral system because __________. it ensures that a theory is absolute it ensures that a theory is true it endows moral decision making with stability it endows moral decision making with infallibility

	Why must the requirement that a moral theory be logically consistent be balanced with the requirement that it be flexible? so that it does not become culturally relative so that it can be applicable to the variety and diversity of moral situations humans face so that it does not become absolutist so that it does not lead to authoritarianism

	If a moral system is ever to be able to be used by more than one person, it must be __________. a version of act utilitarianism able to be promulgated based on religion based on intuition

	According to Thiroux, upon how many principles should an adequate moral system be based? a small number: more than one but not so many that the system becomes unnecessarily complicated ten one none: principles are too rigid and should therefore be avoided

	One significant problem with The Golden Rule is that it assumes that __________. only rules are morally valuable people want or need the same things we want or need all people have the same passions and hopes that we have all people share the same values

	According to the Value of Life principle, __________. we have a moral obligation to extend an individual's life for as many years as possible there are individual rights concerning life but not death and dying under absolutely no circumstances can we take another human life an individual's rights extend to end-of-life issues

	The Principle of Nonmaleficence states that __________. it is permissible to behave inappropriately in certain situations we must not cause in others unpleasant or painful emotions it is wrong to be evil we must cause no harm or badness

	Which of the following is one of the two ways in which we can determine the priority of one moral principle over the other? by counting the number of people who consider a certain principle basic in a particular way, by considering the actual situation or context in which priority is to be assigned to one principle over another in a general way, by considering the number of people whose lives stand to be affected by the principle by examining the utility of the principle

	According to Thiroux's humanitarian ethics, one must enter every moral situation with __________. a reverence for human life and an acceptance of human death a concern only for others' happiness and wellbeing enough money to "get the job done," from the moral point of view a sense of justice and an open mind

	Which two moral principles does Thiroux argue are both logically and empirically necessary to morality? The Value of Life Principle and the Principle of Individual Freedom The Principle of Individual Freedom and the Principle of Goodness The Principle of Goodness and the Value of Life Principle The Principle of Justice and the Principle of Honesty and Truth Telling

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